If you need emergency medical treatment, the People's Hospital is the largest medical facility in Taishan. They have departments covering pediatric, ear/nose/throat, diagnostics/xray/ct/ultrasound. Treatments will be cheap (e.g. ¥140 for a CT Scan) but you will need to pay cash before a doctor will see you.
"Water Tower", 水中碉楼 Shuǐzhōng Diāolóu
Nearby Kaiping is famous for its diaolou watchtowers built in the early 20th century by overseas Chinese, but Taishan has quite a few as well. This one was flooded when a reservoir was constructed, leaving only the top few stories sticking out of the water. Nearby is a village that was spared from flooding, where the cows still graze on the sloping side of the dam.
台山博物馆
台山市华侨文化博物馆
Large modern museum with exhibitions on the many Chinese people who migrated overseas from Taishan.