Planned cities

'' are settlements that are carefully planned from their inception. They are typically constructed on previously more or less undeveloped land.

Old towns are urban districts from before the 19th century. Some of them are planned from the beginning; others have grown organically from village size.

Some planned cities were designed as national capitals; see government and politics tourism. They normally have a legislature and an official residence building in a prominent location, as well as museums and ceremonial buildings.