
Archaeological site in southwestern Illinois, US
Photo: Herb Roe, www.chromesun.com The original uploader was Heironymous Rowe at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, in the Saint Louis Metro East region of Illinois, is home to the largest prehistoric city north of Mexico. The city was occupied for seven centuries as the native Americans here farmed, traded, created art, studied the sun, and built massive earthen mounds. Between 15,000 and 20,000 people lived at Cahokia when it reached its peak 800 years ago. Today, Cahokia is a UNESCO World Heritage Site—the only such site in the Midwest. You can walk the grounds where the native Americans walked, climb to the top of a 100 ft (30 m) mound, and visit a world-class museum to learn more about life in this part of America before Columbus.
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The starting point for your visit to Cahokia Mounds, the Interpretive Center has a very good introductory video to help make sense of the site. There are also displays of the finds and a recreated life-size portion of a village with houses and mannequins involved in daily activities. Volunteers are available to help explain what is known of the civilization which lived here 1,000 years ago.
The largest prehistoric earthen-work in the New World provides nice views over the whole historic site. An easy 154 steps will take you to the top of the 100 ft (30 m) mound, where you can see central St Louis including the impressive Gateway Arch about 7 mi (11 km) away. Completely man-made, Monks Mound contains 22 million cubic feet (625,000 m3) of dirt. If it were made of ice cream, it would be large enough to give every person in the United States a half gallon.
About one-half mi (1 km) west of Monks Mound, you will see a large circle of 48 wooden posts, over 400 ft (125 m) in diameter. It has been reconstructed in its original location and is a solar calendar, with posts aligning with the equinox and solstice sunrises.
The second weekend in July, several dozen Indian artists gather at Cahokia to show their creative abilities in sculpture, pottery, jewelry, painting, and other arts. They talk about their work and offer it for sale. Prices range from a couple of dollars to several thousands. With the Indian artist present, buyers know that they are purchasing genuine native American works. Indian Market weekends in April and November (Thanksgiving weekend) feature more artists and additional chances to view and purchase Indian art. Check the web site for dates and other info.
Each winter, talks by noted archeologists describe current work being done in other parts of the country or the world.
During June, July, and August public one hour tours are conducted Wednesday through Saturday at 10:30AM and 2:30PM, and Sunday at 12:30PM and 2:30PM. The tour goes through the Grand Plaza to the Twin Mounds and Mound 72. During April, May, September, and October public tours are conducted on Saturdays and Sundays at 2:30PM. No public outdoor tours Nov-Mar. No reservations are needed. Depending on the guide and the weather, some tours may go up Monks Mound.
Available year round during operating hours. iPods are available for rental in the Museum Shop. These are loaded with three outside tour trails (Grand Plaza, Monks Mound, Woodhenge) and a tour through the exhibit gallery in the Interpretive Center. Adult and child versions of each tour are included on the iPod. Available in English, German, and Spanish. As an alternative, visitors can also obtain a free cassette player at the Information Desk for an audio tour of the three outside tour trails, or purchase a written version Guidebook for $1 in the Gift Shop (available in 12 languages).
In any season of the year, and every day of the week, the grounds of the site are open to walk from 8AM to dusk. See above options for self-guided tours during operating hours. Interpretive signs can be found along the trails and on days the Interpretive Center is closed, there is a box of brochures and trail maps outside the front door.
Geocaching is a sort of scavenger hunt using a GPS receiver to locate the hidden item. Several geocaches in the park have been created with official permission.
This 5.5-mi (10-km) hike explores more remote parts of the site.
This 1-mi (1.5-km) hike circles Spring Lake and passes a fresh-water marsh. Guide pamphlets/maps are available at the Information Desk.
This 1-mi (1.5-km) hike shows the flora and fauna of the prairie. Guide pamphlets are available at the Information Desk.
This 10-mi (16-km) hike takes you through many remote parts of the site, including grasslands, prairie, forest, and marsh environments, as well as mounds and other cultural features. Trail map at Interpretive Center.
On the Sunday morning closest to the solar equinox (Mar and Sep) or the solar solstice (Jun and Dec), early-risers gather to watch the sun line up with the wooden posts of Woodhenge. As the sun breaks over the horizon, an archeologist is on hand to explain how the massive solar calendar worked.
Twice a year (May and Sep) a special walking tour takes visitors through some of the usually-unseen parts of the site. Normally conducted by an archeologist and author who has worked at Cahokia for over 35 years, the three-hour tour is considered the best opportunity to really learn about Cahokia and its past. The group is also accompanied by a naturalist who points out which plants are native to the area and how they were used in prehistoric times.
Each May, Kids Day provides hands-on activities for all ages, including crafts, games, dancing. Try your hand at using an Atlatl to throw a spear, as it was done before the bow and arrow were invented.
Each August, Archeology Day provides a chance to meet real archeologists, tour the summer excavations, touch and wash prehistoric artifacts from the excavations. The day also includes hands-on activities for all ages, including demonstrations of ancient crafts by experts. Try your hand at rolling a chunky stone and throwing spears with an atlatl, or making an arrowhead or a clay pinch pot.
Each summer, several archeological digs are conducted at Cahokia. While they are underway, visitors are invited to tour the dig sites and talk with the people doing the work.
If you would like to volunteer to participate in one of the summer excavations, complete an application in the early spring. Volunteers may work for just a few days, a week, or several weeks. Throughout the year, volunteers assist in lab work such as washing, labeling, cataloguing, and inventorying archaeological artifact collections. Contact the Interpretive Center for an application or check the web site after February (www.cahokiamounds.org)
Excellent selection of books dealing with archaeology, Cahokia, and American Indians, as well as Indian-made jewelry, pottery and baskets.
By car
From St. Louis or West St. Louis County: Take Interstate 55/70, 64 or Highway 40 & 44 across the Poplar St. Bridge into Illinois. Follow I-55/70, not 64, to Exit 6 (Highway 111).
By taxi
Before starting your trip, be sure your driver understands that you are going to Cahokia Mounds in Collinsville, not the city of Cahokia, which is about ten mi (16 km) away, south of the mounds.
By bus
By MetroLink train
MetroLink, St. Louis's public transit light rail system, can take you to the Missouri Avenue Station in East St. Louis. However, you'll still be about 8 mi (13 km) from Cahokia Mounds.
Hours
Hours: Interpretive Center, W-Su 9AM-5PM, closed Mondays and Tuesdays (call to check schedule as it may change); grounds: 8AM to dusk.
There are free parking areas for cars and RVs at the Visitors Center, Monks Mound, and Woodhenge.
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