Citadel

A vast Renaissance-era citadel enclosing more than 2,000 years of history on the seafront. Built in the 16th century under Emperor Charles V to defend the Gulf of Roses from pirates and French attacks, the pentagonal fortress walls surround extensive archaeological remains from successive Greek, Roman, Visigothic, medieval, and early modern settlements. Inside are the ruins of the Greek colony of Rhode, a Roman town, the Romanesque monastery of Santa Maria, and parts of the medieval town, making the site one of the most important archaeological complexes on the Costa Brava. The restored citadel functions as an open-air museum and cultural venue, with walking paths, exhibitions, and panoramic views of the bay.