Photo: Adiput (talk), Public domain via Wikimedia Commons
Other things to be seen, a little away from the city, are the plains and mountain of Uhud where the battle took place. There is also the burial ground of the 70 martyrs of this battle including the Prophet's uncle Hamza who is considered one of the greatest martyrs of all time.
Mount Uhud is a mountain north of Medina, in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. It is 1,077 m (3,533 ft) high and 7.5 km long. It was the site of the second battle between the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the polytheists of his tribe of Quraysh. The Battle of Uhud was fought on 19 March, 625 CE, between a force from the small Muslim community of Medina and a force from Mecca, in north-western Arabia.
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Further away is the Masjid al-Qiblatayn where the Quran recounts that the Prophet was ordered by Allah to turn his face from Jerusalem to the Kaaba in Makkah while offering prayers.
Masjid Gamama where once he had prayed for rain.
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, المسجد النبوي
The Masjid Nabawi, or the Prophet's Mosque, is the second most important pilgrimage site in Islam, where devout Muslims offer prayers. Men are allowed to visit the burial site of the Prophet and pay respects throughout the opening hours of the mosque, which used to close for the night at around 10PM but has since become 24/7. Women may visit only after the Fajr or dawn and Duhr or afternoon prayers, when they are taken there in groups according to their countries. Non-Muslims may enter the mosque compound and may be able to enter the mosque with a guard's permission. But the Prophet Muhammad's burial site that lies inside the mosque is off-limits to non-Muslims.
Jannat al-Baqī, ٱلْبَقِيْع
A huge graveyard, where most family members and companions of the Prophet are buried. It is only open for a few hours each day. The entrance is at the western side of the graveyard; non Muslims can enter as it's not part of the fenced Prophet's Mosque complex. You walk along a linear path that winds through the graveyard, and guards are stationed at various points along the path. For religious reasons (discouraging ritual veneration of the dead), the graves are largely unmarked, and taking photographs or lingering along the path is discouraged (albeit not explicitly prohibited) by the guards.
المعرض والمتحف الدولي للسيرة النبوية والحضارة الإسلامية
This museum uses models, holograms and video to present a minutely detailed view of the Prophet’s daily life and character.
One of few non-religious sites in Medina, this museum showcases the history of Medina from prehistoric to modern time.