
Photo: Abdelrhman 1990, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
This is either the oldest mosque in the world or the second-oldest, and dates from the time of the Prophet Muhammad. New construction was added in 1984.
The Quba Mosque is a mosque located in Medina in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia, first built in the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. It is thought to be the first mosque in the world, established on the first day of Muhammad's emigration to Medina. Its first stone is said to have been laid by the prophet, and the structure completed by his companions. The mosque was subsequently modified across the centuries until the 1980s, when it was completely replaced by a new building that stands today.
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Masjid Jumua where the Prophet prayed the first Jumua or Friday prayers.
One of few non-religious sites in Medina, this museum showcases the history of Medina from prehistoric to modern time.
المعرض والمتحف الدولي للسيرة النبوية والحضارة الإسلامية
This museum uses models, holograms and video to present a minutely detailed view of the Prophet’s daily life and character.
Jannat al-Baqī, ٱلْبَقِيْع
A huge graveyard, where most family members and companions of the Prophet are buried. It is only open for a few hours each day. The entrance is at the western side of the graveyard; non Muslims can enter as it's not part of the fenced Prophet's Mosque complex. You walk along a linear path that winds through the graveyard, and guards are stationed at various points along the path. For religious reasons (discouraging ritual veneration of the dead), the graves are largely unmarked, and taking photographs or lingering along the path is discouraged (albeit not explicitly prohibited) by the guards.
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, المسجد النبوي
The Masjid Nabawi, or the Prophet's Mosque, is the second most important pilgrimage site in Islam, where devout Muslims offer prayers. Men are allowed to visit the burial site of the Prophet and pay respects throughout the opening hours of the mosque, which used to close for the night at around 10PM but has since become 24/7. Women may visit only after the Fajr or dawn and Duhr or afternoon prayers, when they are taken there in groups according to their countries. Non-Muslims may enter the mosque compound and may be able to enter the mosque with a guard's permission. But the Prophet Muhammad's burial site that lies inside the mosque is off-limits to non-Muslims.
قصر عروة بن الزبير