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Fujiwarakyo (藤原京), the first palace in Japan to be modeled after Chinese style was built on the land covering this city in 694 AD. Fujiwarakyo was the capital of Japan until the palace was moved to Heijōkyo (contemporary Nara) in 710 AD.
橿原神宮
奈良県立橿原考古学研究所附属博物館
An interesting museum about old Japanese history.
畝傍山
This hill is an easy 20 minutes hike. Nice view of the surrounding area from the top.