Ruined city in the Malda district of the Indian state of West Bengal
Photo: Amitabha Gupta, CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Pandua (পাণ্ডুয়া Pāṇḍuyā), also known as Adina, is a medieval citadel in the Northern Plains of West Bengal, India. It is known for its massive Adina Masjid along with the ruins of a couple of mosques, tombs and darghas. A trip to Pandua can be combined with a trip to the nearby citadel of Gour with Malda as the base.
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Built in 1369 by Sultan Sikander Shah and during that time it was the largest mosque in India. The courtyard measures 507 +1/2 ft by 285+1/2 ft. The entrance is through an insignificant door. The roof had 306 domes but sadly none of them survived. The mosque contains an elevated ladies' section approached by a flight of wooden stairs. Adjacent to the mosque is a small roofless room housing the remains of Sultan Sikander Shah, the builder of the colossal mosque. The Adina Mosque contains several Hindu motifs in its structure, historians believe that they were brought from demolished Hindu temples.
Shrine of Shah Jalal Tabriz
Shrine of Alaul Haq
Eklakhi Tomb or Mausoleum houses constructed by Sultan Jalaluddin Mohammad Shah in around 1425 at a cost of rupees one lakh (hundred thousand) and hence the name. Jalaluddin Mohammad Shah was born as Jadu, son of King Ganesh and later converted to Islam. He ruled Bengal Sultanate for 16 years. The square tomb with sides of 75 ft is topped with a dome and houses three graves, including that of Jalaluddin Mohammad Shah. The other two graves are of his wife and son Shamsuddin Ahmed Shah. The corners are provided with minarets, whose cupolas have long collapsed. The walls of the mosque are 13 feet thick and the interior is octagonal and supports a dome of 14 ft in diameter. The total height of the structure is 75 meters. The walls have rich terracotta ornamentation of decorative bricks. There are also images of Hindu gods and other human figures suggesting materials from Hindu temples were used in the construction of the tomb.
Locally known as Chota Sona Masjid, the Qutb Sahi Mosque is built in honour of Saint Nur Qutb-ul-Alam. The ruins of his shrine are nearby, along with that of Saint Hazrat Shah Jalal Tabrizi, collectively known as the Bari Darga. The mosque is built in 1582. The mosque is approached through a gateway in the east. The eastern wall has five arched entrances providing access to the interiors. The northern and southern walls contain two pierced stone screens. The corners house four minarets topped with cupolas. The roof once housed ten hemispherical domes, but the domes along with the roof have long collapsed.
A well-preserved wildlife sanctuary with spotted deer and nilgais. This is controlled by the West Bengal Forest Department and one can witness migratory birds during winter. The woods are rich in butterflies and birds, especially Asian openbill, paradise flycatcher, prinia, oriole, fish eagle, etc.
This hammam was once part of the royal complex of the Illiyas Shah dynasty. Nothing much remains of the royal hammam. The thick vegetation prevents access to the interiors, which once had separate chambers for hot and cold baths.
This too is located near the deer park. This minar standing on a small mound was part of the defensive system of the royal enclosure of Pandua during the Illiyas Shah dynasty. The tower served as a watch tower to keep an eye on invading armies. The base of the tower is not accessible because of overgrown vegetation. A portion of the defensive wall and the adjoining moat still stand to this day.
Since Pandua has no accommodation it is best explored from Malda. Hired cars are the best option to explore Pandua. The hotels in Malda can arrange for cars. A half-day tour is enough to explore Pandua.
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Rajshahi · Regional · RJH
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