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Photo: Wikinaut, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
In Cathedral Excavations Museum you can see objects excavated from a Roman villa and foundations of the west towers of the Romanesque cathedral both of which stood in the area of today's cathedral.
Salzburg Cathedral is the seventeenth-century Baroque cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg in the city of Salzburg, Austria, dedicated to Saint Rupert and Saint Vergilius. Saint Vergilius founded the church in 774 on the remnants of a Roman town, and the cathedral was rebuilt in 1181 after a fire. In the seventeenth century, the cathedral was completely rebuilt in the Baroque style under Prince-Bishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau to its present appearance. Salzburg Cathedral still contains the baptismal font in which composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was baptized.
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Residence Gallery Salzburg, Domquartier
Art gallery showcasing European paintings from the 16th to 19th centuries. Established in 1923 to revive Salzburg's artistic heritage, the gallery's notable collections include the Czernin Collection, featuring 17th-century Dutch, Italian, Spanish, and French masterpieces, and works from the Schönborn-Buchheim Collection, highlighting Dutch and Italian artists of the same era. Some of the more famous painters include Rembrandt, Carel Fabritius, Carlo Saraceni, and Hieronymus Francken II.
Trying really hard to tell you about Salzburg's history. Blind and partner dogs may be taken to the museum. There are regular guided tours for blind/visually impaired and deaf/hearing impaired people. Call for an appointment. All rooms of the Salzburg Museum in the Neue Residenz are wheelchair accessible. A passenger lift with sufficient door width leads to all floors. In the New Residence there is an induction loop for the hearing aid.
Petersfriedhof
Perhaps most remarkable are the small catacombs (€2 adults, €1.50 children) carved into the nearby cliff side. Climb up for a couple of small chapels and a nice overlook.
Various shops in this area are quite old and impressive. For instance have a look at the interior of the pharmacy called Fürsterzbischöfliche Apotheke. No pictures though, this is a pharmacy not a tourist attraction.
Museum der Moderne Salzburg
Two locations: Wiener Philharmonikergasse 9, and Mönchsberg 32. The Salzburg Museum of Modern Art is on the cliff overlooking the old town. It houses contemporary art works from the 20th and 21st centuries, along with rotating international art displays.
Festung
On top of a mountain, the Festung offers breathtaking views of Salzburg and the Alps. One area of the fortress offers visitors the chance to look down on a field below to find only one house, the executioner's residence. It was believed to live anywhere near the executioner was bad luck. Inside the fortress is a museum of medieval weapons, life on the fortress, and torture instruments. Public concerts are often held here in the evenings, reservations are recommended. On nights with concerts, it is possible to remain within the walls past dark. To avoid the vertical hike up to the fortress, a funicular is available to ride, for a fee. It's the oldest funicular in Austria.